Predominant languages include Kpelle, Bassa, Grebo, Dan, Kru, Mano, Loma, and Mandingo (spoken by the Malinke). I AM student of AME ZION reading economics/Liberian society. More than two dozen languages are spoken in Liberia. Many popular FM radio stations have their headquarters in Monrovia along with several major national newspapers.[12]. The settlement that had been called Christopolis was renamed Monrovia after the American president, James Monroe, and the colony as a whole was formally called Liberia. On July 26, The Liberian Declaration of Independence was adopted and signed. Both languages are noted for their unique alphabets and phonetics that are not based on . They urged people to take all possible measures to protect themselves from, and encouraged them to welcome the health workers helping in the response. People, Kpelle. Rivercess is one of the fifteen counties of Liberia. The Grebo migrated to Liberia during the sixteenth century. Four physiographic regions run nearly parallel to the Atlantic coast of the country. Cassava, fish, bananas, citrus fruits, sweet plantains (or regular (cooking)|plantains], coconut, okra, and sweet potatoes are all popular Liberian ingredients. Feature Flags: { Bs, Morten The free and former US slaves who emigrated to Liberia brought with them their sewing and quilting skills and was originally done by Americo-Liberians beginning in the 19th century. Taylor agreed to exile in Nigeria and de facto immunity from prosecution in exchange for leaving office. I Could like to know the line between the ritual of mandingo marital ceremony verses the Kpelleh, Kraha and Gio transitional occasion along with their norms and folkways associated? I would like to know about the Gbandi tribe of Liberia. She launched audits of government ministries and an investigation of corruption during the transitional government. The Americo-Liberians are most closely associated with founding Liberia. All rights reserved. Sierra Leone Creole people share similar ancestry and culture with the sister ethnic group of Americo-Liberians. Unlike many other tribal peoples, Dan largely accepted the rule of the Americo-Liberians. ECOMOG installed an interim government headed by Dr Amos Sawyer and gradually established control in Monrovia. It is a land of dense foliage and is home to 16 distinct indigenous tribes of people who call it home. Corruption was rampant. Heavy stews with habanero and scotch bonnet chilli are popular, and theyre served with fufu. Later that year, ULIMO crossed the border from Sierra Leone into Liberia and fought intensely against Taylor's NPFL troops in Liberia's Lofa County. In the past, Liberian government officials have referred to them as Belle, a name that has disparaging connotations. 190 lessons. LiberiaRepublic of LiberiaDemonymsLiberianGovernmentUnitary Presidential Constitutional Republic PresidentGeorge Weah Vice PresidentJewel Taylor. Islamic nasheeds popular in many countries with Muslim communities are almost unheard of in Liberia. In order to successfully deal with this issue, government needs to supplement/ In the United States, the Native American tribe is a fundamental unit of sovereign tribal government, and the constitution grants to the U.S. Congress the right to interact with tribes. The ethnic kin of the Krahn in Liberia are known as the Wee in Cte d'Ivoire. [3], The syllabary of Vai also been compared to Hiragana and Katakana scripts also syllabary for Japanese language. Several authors are renowned for their starling, detailed and deep observation of Liberian life both in the country and abroad in Diaspora in Europe or United States. Tim Hortons (Us) Large Ice Cappuccino With CreamCalories510SodiumTotal Fat25 gPotassiumSaturated13 gTotal CarbsPolyunsaturated0 gDietary FiberMonounsaturated0 gSugars Iced Capp., Copyright 2023 TipsFolder.com | Powered by Astra WordPress Theme. [11], Numerous newspapers, radio stations and TV programs are broadcast and can be heard in the capital Monrovia, coastal cities and towns and countryside. He modeled it after he came into contact with former slaves of Bassa origin in Brazil and the West Indies who were still using the alphabet. In 2007 former chairman Gyude Bryant was indicted on corruption charges. As a case in point, there are two groups of people living in the eastern part of Liberia and the western part of the Ivory Coast who have been referred to in the literature by a variety of names. I do really want to know about our country natural resources wheather bringing development,improving our living standard??? Global Witness, 'Taylor-Made - The Pivotal Role of Liberia's Forests in Regional Conflict', 2nd Edition, London, 2001, retrieved 11 May 2007, http://www.globalwitness.org/media_library_detail.php/97/en/taylor_mad e, Global Witness, 'The Usual Suspects: Liberia's Weapons and Mercenaries in Cte d'Ivoire and Sierra Leone Why it's Still Possible, How it Works and How to Break the Trend', March 2003, retrieved 11 May 2007, http://www.globalwitness.org/media_library_detail.php/96/en/the _usual_suspects, Hasselbring, Sue and Eric Johnson. The Liberian constitution restricts citizenship only to people of Negro descent. Authors Bai T. Moore, E.G. Linguistically, the tribes may be divided into three main groups: the Some came to uninhabited areas; others imposed themselves upon groups already in the area. Tel:+231-6-51-51-58 Christopolis was renamed Monrovia after President James Monroe and the colony was formally called Liberia (the free land). With an economics degree from Harvard, she had previously worked as a bank executive and an executive at the World Bank. The southeastern Kru linguistic group comprises Kru, Bassa, Grebo, Krahn and Dei. The Mano ethnic group in Liberia accounts for about 7.9% of the total population in the country, and speak mano language, which is part of the Mande language family. Vai were part of the large-scale migration in the sixteenth century. Doe feared for his security and his clutch on power, and increasingly surrounded himself with Krahn kinsmen. Than lately in the 1980 President SAMUEL DOE desided to make the mandingo citizen of Liberia. The Vai are known for their indigenous syllabic writing system, developed in the 1820s by Duala Bukele and tribal elders. Liberia hosts the rainiest capital city in the world. The coastal plains are around 560 km long and 40 km . Some Vah letters resemble certain letters from the Ge'ez alphabet of Ethiopia and Eritrea, N'ko alphabet in Guinea, and Armenian alphabet. Culture, tradition, identity, society, taboo subjects, human rights, equality and diversity within Liberia, multiculturalism, Pan-Africanism, colonialism and its reverberating consequences today, post colonial African countries and future of the country have been featured in novels, books, magazines and novelettes since the 19th century. Ein Bauernvolk im Westafrikanischen Urwald, Chiefdom and Clan Maps of Western Liberia, A survey of the Krahn Dialects in Liberia, Ivory Coast, Service de la Statistique General et de la Mecanographie, Inventiare Economique de la Cte d'Ivoire (1947 1956), Le rapport sur les operations de la colonne du Sud (Colonne de Bartigue), L'Afrique franaise, Renseignements Coloniaux, Economic Innovations among the Doo of Western Ivory Coast, 1900-1960, Inventiare Linguistique de l'Afrique Occidentale Franaise et du Togo, Cacao et Caf, Cultures Rvolutionnaires: L'volution des Peuples de la Fret, Revue de Gographic Humaine et d'Ethnologie, Liberia, Bureau of Statistics. Liberia's political system is closely modeled on that of the United States. Liberian artists both in the country and diaspora have also gained recognition for various styles of paintings in abstract, perspective and graphic art. Politician and author Wilton G. S. Sankawulo published many collections of poems and stories which later became praised anthologies on Liberian folklore and wider African literary tradition entitled, More Modern African stories. Queen Victoria invited Martha Ann Ricks, on behalf of Liberian Ambassador Edward Wilmot Blyden, to Windsor Castle on 16July 1892. The infant mortality rate is 134.63 deaths/1,000 live births. for this article. Liberia is located in West Africa on the Atlantic Coast. However, any hint of unrest was severely punished and Americo-Liberians pursued a policy of divide and rule in maintaining control over the army through ethnic stereotyping. Ethnic Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. The Dan are a southern Mand-speaking group and those living in Liberia live in Nimba County surrounded by the Cte d'Ivoire, Ma(no), Bassa and Krahn (Wee). Main language groups: English 20% (official), Bassa, Kru (Klao), Kpelle, Gola, Loma, Mann, Main religions: traditional religions (40%), Christianity, often mixed with traditional beliefs (40%), Islam (20%), Main minority groups: Kpelle 487,400 (15.2%), Bassa 347,600 (10.9%), Gio (Dan) 150-200,000 (4.7-6.3%), Kru (Klao) 184,000 (5.8%), Grebo 222,000 (6.9%), Mano 185,000 (5.8%), Americo-Liberians/Congo People 160,000 (5%), Loma 141,800 (4.4%), Krahn 126,400 (4.0%), Kissi 115,000 (3.6%), Gbandi 100,000 (3.1%), Gola 99,300 (3.1%), Vai 89,500 (2.8%), Mandingo 45,400 (1.4%), Mende 19,700 (0.6%), Kuwaa 12,800 (0.4%), and Dei 8,100 (0.3%), [Note: Percentages for religions are taken from the 2007 US CIRF report. "A Brief Summary of Liberian Indigenous Scripts", "International Religious Freedom Report 2010: Liberia", "All the News That Fits: Liberia's Blackboard Headlines", "Roll of Emigrants to Liberia, 18201843 and Liberian Census Data, 1843", "Liberia: It's the Little Things - A Reflection on Ellen Johnson Sirleaf's Journey to the Presidency", Liberian Literature: The Name of the Sound, and the Sound of the Name", Sea Breeze Journal of Contemporary Liberian writers, TLC Africa-The Liberian Connection-Africa online magazine, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Liberia&oldid=1144686088, This page was last edited on 15 March 2023, at 01:15. LURD had backing from the Guinean government and absorbed many former leaders and fighters from the predominately Mandingo ULIMO-K. People, Kpelle. Bjrkhaug, Ingunn Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. I feel obligated to contribute to Liberia, Africa, and the world at large. Mandingos were seen as distinct because of their Islamic religion. A failed coup led by a Gio, Thomas Quiwonkpa, in 1985 resulted in Doe's enhanced targeting of Gio and Mano peoples in northern Nimba County. So, where's the problem? All rights reserved. Many radio stations are community based operated by joint United Nations and community councils, activists, youth groups, universities and neighborhood programs. The three provinces have generally been referred to collectively as the interior region; the rest of the country is the coastal region. I'm a young Liberian with a passion to contribute outstandingly to the UN SDGs agenda for 2030. In a Refugee Camp, the vast majority (approximately 97%) of the Liberian population is indigenous, with Americo-Liberians accounting for the remaining 3%. AD Their homeland is surrounded by Sierra Leone and Guinea and by Kissi and Gola. The third largest group in Liberia is the Grebo. Liberia has a 560-kilometre coastline and mountains in the north and east. The Loma live in Northwest Liberia in upper Lofa County, surrounded by the Republic of Guinea and Mandingo, Kuwaa and Kpelle populations. The report did not . The result has been the segmentation of Liberian society into two coexisting subsystemstraditional-rural and modern-urban. They form a majority or a significant minority in Liberias Grand Bassa, Rivercess, Margibi and Montserrado counties. Before coming to the coast they probably inhabited the savanna region roughly 150 kilometres inland. How they came close to be part of Liberia if they are from Ghana. The Gola used to live in the forested mountains of north-east Liberia and south-east Sierra Leone but migrated to the coast as traders. While Liberian music is part of wider West African music heritage, it is also distinct from its neighbors. Their attempt eventually failed, and the transitional government paved the way for 1997 elections. These societies are traditionally thought to instill values and teach skills that promote communal harmony, as well as to prepare children for the demands of adulthood. Several Liberian journalists have been awarded national and international awards and acclaim around the world for their commitment to press freedom and promotion of Democracy in post war countries and regions. Their origin, type of marriages, religion and burial of the Gbandi tribe. They called upon the international community to recognize the independence and sovereignty of Liberia. The country also has a coastline along the Atlantic Ocean in the south-western part of the country. A diplomat, educator, statesman and writer, Blyden was considered one of the early fathers of Pan Africanism along with W. E. B. [13], The most widely read newspapers include the Liberia Herald, The Analyst, Liberian Observer, The News, The Heritage, and The Inquirer, among others. In Liberia, it is estimated that there are about 575,000 people of Bassa ethnic group accounting for about 13.4% of the country's total population and they are the second largest in the country. Their tradition and way of marriage, and again I really want to know which county they belong to in Liberia? After the American president, James Monroe, the settlement that had been dubbed Christopolis was renamed Monrovia, and the colony was officially dubbed Liberia. ', International Crisis Group, 'Liberia and Sierra Leone: Rebuilding Failed States, Africa Report N87. } MODEL was a successor of sorts to ULIMO-J, and many of its members were Krahn. [6] "Both elite and non-elite Liberians usually attribute events to the activities of secret powers and forces". Other instruments similar to the xylophone include Yomo Gor. The rebels continued their advance on the capital, and the international community increased pressure on Taylor to step down. The 16 tribes make up about 95% of the population; the Americo-Liberians are 2.5% (descendants of the Settlers from the U.S. and the remaining percentage consists of the Congo People, those from the Caribbean and other African countries. So, Liberia is home to a fair amount of diversity. [8][9], One third of married Liberian women between the ages of 15-49 are in polygamous marriages. [1] Among the most widely studied Liberian languages in schools and universities are Kpelle and Bassa languages and to a lesser extent, Vai. There are also more than 16 indigenous languages. [5], While still belonging to Christian or Muslim denominations, ethnic groups in all regions participate in religious secret societies associated with the spirit world, including the Poro and Sande gender-based secret societies. from the north and east between the 12th and 16th centuries Mande people in the north and far west, the Kru tribes (including the During the campaign, Taylor threatened to plunge the country back into war if he lost. Grebo live along the coast in Eastern Liberia, on both sides of the Cavall River, which serves as a border between Liberia and Cte d'Ivoire. While for many groups, this attempt failed dismally, for the Mandingo - who had faced exclusion and suspicion of divided loyalty with Guinea - it brought political and economic benefits. International observers representing governments and organizations eager to proclaim progress in Liberia, and motivated in part by an interest in staving-off pressure for humanitarian military intervention, nonetheless deemed Taylor's election free and fair. The Loma people, also known as Loghoma, Looma, Lorma, or Toma, are a West African ethnic group who live primarily in Guinea and Liberias northern mountainous and sparsely populated areas. The community accounts for about 6% of the total population in the country, which translates to about 251,000 people. Immigrants from the United States and the West Indies, and from neighbouring African countries, also settled on the coast. Vai is another well known ancient script from Liberia, but distinct from the Bassa alphabet. of both genes and culture. I am adaptable and can quickly learn new skills with passion. The major radio stations in Liberia are UNMIL Radio, Radio ELWA, Truth Radio, ELBC Radio, and STAR radio. Liberia is the only Black state in Africa never subjected to colonial rule and is Africa's oldest republic. Liberia is one of the poorest countries in the world with a per capita GDP of US $407. African American colonists founded the West African nation of Liberia in the 19th century as Africa's first republic. It is estimated that there are 870,000 people in the country of Kpelle ethnic community accounting for about 20.3% of the total population. Olukoju, Ayodeji. Upon his departure on 11 August 2003, a transitional government chaired by businessman Gyude Bryant took power. A second major Liberian rebel faction emerged in 2003, the Movement for Democracy in Liberia (MODEL), with strong backing from Cte d'Ivoire. indigenous people to preserve their tribal identities. ), La Pacification de la Cte d'Ivoire, 1908-1915, African Arts: An Exhibition at the Robert H. Lowie Museum April 6/October 22, 1967, Les Peuples et les Civilisations de de l'Afrique, La place des dialectes gr et wob par rapport aux autres dialectes de la Cte d'Ivoire, Bulletin de l'Institut Franais de l'Afrique Noire, Du Soudan la Cte d'Ivoire: La Mission Blondiaux, Bulletin de la Socit de Gographie Commerciale, La mission du capitaine Woelffel: Itinraires et rsultats scientifiques, Les Massifs Montaneux de Nord-ouest de la Cte d'Ivoire, Les Coutumes Indigne de la Cte d'Ivoire, Essai de Manuel Pratique de la Langue Mand ou Mandingue, Vocabulaires Comparatifs de plus de 60 Langues ou Dialectes Paris la Cte d'Ivoire et dans les Rgions limitrophes, Mission Hostians-d'Ollone, 1898-1900: De la Cte d'Ivoire au Soudan et la Guine, Les Populations Anthropophages du Cavally, Notes de travail sur quelques langues de l'ouest ivoirien, Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique noir, Baessler-Archiv: Beitrge zur Vlkerkunde, Uberlieferungen aus Nordst-Liberia: Stammesgeschichten, Totemismus und Tabu, Uber zwei Kruvlkerstamme: Kran und Grebo, Weiner Beitrge zur Kulturgeschichte und Linguistik, The Webster Plass Collection of African Art: The Catalogue of a Memorial Exhibition held in the King Edward VII Galeries of the British Museum 1953, Der Wandel Okonomischer Rollen bei den westlichen Dan in Liberia, Inventaire preliminaire des Langues et Dialectes en Cte d'Ivoire, Contribution l'Histoire du Peuplement de la Cte d'Ivoire, Dynamique de la Socit Ouob: Loi des Masques et Coutume, Collections of Vocabularies of Western Africa before the, Masks as Agents of Social Control in Northeast Liberia, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard University, Die Dan. Indigenous African tribes constitute 95% of the population. Its goal (Back to Africa) is to establish free blacks in West Africa. Psychological Research & Experimental Design, All Teacher Certification Test Prep Courses, Italy Invades Ethiopia: The Second Italo-Ethiopian War, Democratic Republic of Congo Ethnic Groups, French-Speaking Countries in Africa & Europe, SAT Subject Test US History: Practice and Study Guide, CLEP Western Civilization I - Ancient Near East to 1648 Prep, Western Civilization I: Certificate Program, Middle School US History: Homework Help Resource, History 106: The Civil War and Reconstruction, NY Regents Exam - Global History and Geography: Test Prep & Practice, Who was the Goddess Athena? Besides the Healthcare systems are still struggling to recover, as evidenced by the 2014 Ebola epidemic. By June 1990 the NPFL had reached Grand Gedeh County, largely populated by Krahn, and were urged on by Taylor to 'Kill the Krahn'. The largest single Liberian group, the Kpelle, also live in Guinea, where they are known as the Guerze. There is a strong rural-to-urban movement, especially to Monrovia. I'm a student of the AME University I need a brief history of the kru tribe of Liberia, as it relate to their funeral ceremonies, marriages, where they migrated from and their cultural nature, I'm a student of the AME University I need a brief history of the kru tribe of Liberia, as it relate to their funeral ceremonies, marriages, where they migrated from and their cultural nature. Liberia and the Ivory Coast. I am a Liberian and student @ the BWI. Bassa alphabet was popularized by Dr. Thomas Narvin Lewis in the early 20th century, after attending studies in the U.S at Syracuse University. Retrieved from: www.culturecrossing.net . Despite being a nation in West Africa, Liberia is closely modeled after the United States. HVoLg?8EL"saE
(O7j)Z\UdX&3AdPPQ7 vK4-M.mm:Kd]b`f [2], Among the listed alphabets, Bassa Vah is compared to include Armenian, Coptic (used by Egyptian Coptic and Coptic Church), Avestan used in Ancient Persia to write sacred hymns of Zoroastrianism, Georgian language in Republic of Georgia, Mongolian, Meroitic alphabet of ancient Sudan and parts of Nile Valley, and many other ancient scripts, Greek-based and Cyrillic alphabets. The number of tribes in Liberia is also listed on the Liberian Past and Present website (http://www.liberiapastandpresent.org/index.html). of Lebanese and Syrians. View all Google Scholar citations The Kpelle in central and western Liberia is the largest ethnic group. The birth rate is 47.22 births/1,000 population. Liberia is one of the worlds poorest and least developed countries. The Bassa ethnic group is also found in the neighboring countries of Ivory Coast and Sierra Leone. About 10% of Liberians identify as Grebo. [8][9] The Sande society champions women's social and political interests and promotes their solidarity vis-a-vis the Poro society, a complementary secret society for men. Scattered settlements were created along newly constructed or improved roads, while plantation and mining activities encouraged larger settlements in a few interior and coastal areas. This right was then restricted to property owners or those who paid a 'hut tax'. E-mail: [emailprotected] Together with Dei they settled early on in Monrovia and became assimilated into the settler economy as artisans, clerks and domestic servants. who come from Ghana and stay a few years at a time in Liberia. i also have a rich history of my people and is willing to contribute pls let me know if it will mean much. For a country still reeling from the hangover of brutal conflict that left various tribes divided to the heights of different magnitude, meaningful movies can be an invaluable component of national reconciliation and healing. Made in Liberia, yet elevated far above footage poorness and designed to portray the magnificence of superb domestic . Bassa have their own writing system, called 'Bassa' or 'Vah,' which was developed around 1900. Sculptures are produced in both the countryside and cities. And because of that they started haveing intermarries with mainly the Loma, Kpelle, and other ethnic group. There are several different types of drums used in traditional music. Liberian wood curved sculptures are heavily influenced by ancient history predating modern Liberia, folklore, proverbs, spirituality, rural life and show the artist's strong observations for grand detail and their connections to the people and objects sculpted. The current population is 3,042,004. The instability In the past, the mano people in their traditional religion worshipped their god in Mt Nimba. How many calories are in a large Iced Capp from Tim Hortons. The Bassa people are a subgroup of the larger Kru people of Liberia and Ivory Coast. Stone, Ruth M. (1982). Create your account. In the end, he is known in world history and on African continent as the genius behind the phrase, "Africa for Africans!" They originated somewhere to the west or northwest of their present lands. It is believed that the Gio ethnic community may have originated from the western part of Sudan, and they migrated to what is the present-day region of Guinea and Mali. In Liberia there are at least sixteen ethnic groups, each belonging to one of three major language groupings. The AFL responded with a ruthless counter-insurgency campaign in Nimba County, and this brutality served to swell the ranks of NPFL recruits, many of whom were Gio (Dan) and Mano boys orphaned by the fighting. The Krahn ethnic group is among the many ethnic groups in Liberia, and they are also found in the neighboring country of Ivory Coast. The Kru ethnic Community is believed to have originated in the eastern parts of Nigeria and may have migrated to the different regions of Western African Coast, particularly parts of Sierra Leone, Nigeria, and Ivory Coast. (16, 17, 40, 95, 185). For most ethnic groups, figures are taken from Ethnologue numbers stemming from various years: Kpelle (1991), Bassa (1991), Gio (1993), Kru (1991), Grebo (1991 for two sub-groups, 1999 for two others, and 2000 for a fifth), Mano (1995), Loma (1991), Krahn (1991) Gola (1991), Mandingo (1991), Kissi (1995), Vai (1991), Gbandi (2001), Mende (1991), Kuwaa (1991), Dei (1991).]. A government of national unity included Taylor's NPFL and the ULIMO-K faction, but intense fighting erupted in Monrovia in April 1996 when Taylor and ULIMO-K leader Alhaji Kromah attempted to seize total control of the government. Reforms have led the UN Security Council to lift bans on the country's diamond and timber exports. About four-fifths of Liberians are Christian, about one-tenth are Muslim, and a small number profess other religionsprimarily traditional beliefsor are nonreligious. However, I want to know the difference between an ethnic group and a tribe. Good oration is valued so people take their time getting their point across. Westport: Greenwood Press, 2006. p 97. R. I am a student at the Institute for Peace and Conflict Resolution, Cuttington University, Suakoko, Bong County/Liberia, reading Peace and Development Studies with special emphasis in Economics. Ya Hello-o: Hello to you all. Songs are sung in both English and all indigenous languages. Those are the three largest ethnic groups in Liberia, but they are not the only ones. Jazz, funk, soul, rap and a new music style or Liberian rap called Hipco combining rap, R&B, traditional rhymes, and joint Liberian and American influences are part of the wider Music of Liberia. The Kpelle people (also known as Guerze, Kpwesi, Kpessi, Sprd, Mpessi, Berlu, Gbelle, Bere, Gizima, and Buni) are Liberias largest ethnic group. Liberia is divided into fifteen first-level administrative divisions called counties, which, in turn, are subdivided into a total of 90 second-level administrative divisions called districts and further subdivided into third-level administrative divisions called clans. These communities traded with the Mali and other kingdoms to their north. Christian 40%, indigenous beliefs 40%, Muslim 20%, English 20% (official), some 20 ethnic group languages, of which a few can be written and are used in correspondence, Literacy in Liberia, as defined as age 15 and over and can read and write, is:total population: 38.3%male: 53.9%female: 22.4%note: these figures are increasing because of the improving school system, This reference article is mainly selected from the English Wikipedia with only minor checks and changes (see www.wikipedia.org for details of authors and sources) and is available under the. Liberia served as a strategic base for the United States during the Cold War, but hundreds of millions of dollars in American financial support rewarded the loyalty of elites and brought scant benefit to the average Liberian. These writings inspired many Liberian authors in later years and still does today. Their trade routes linked other Liberian populations with the savanna. KING SAO BOSO WAS PART OF THE DUCOR CONFERENCE THAT GIVE BIRTH TO WHAT IS KNOWN TODAY AS LIBERIA. For the next century, these Americo-Liberians and their descendants would dominate Liberian politics, often at the exclusion of Liberia's other ethnic populations, and there are quite a few. However, there is no consistency in the names used by other art historians, so that Dan N'gere, referring to a general art style of both of these peoples, is used by Sieber, Rubin (1968: 54), and Bravmann (1970: 32).
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